Bent-core dimers with top-to-bottom linkage between central units

Cooperation between Top - Down and Bottom

Top-down and bottom-up theorem proving approaches have each speciic advantages and disadvantages. Bottom-up provers proot from strong redundancy control and suuer from the lack of goal-orientation, whereas top-down provers are goal-oriented but have weak calculi when their proof lengths are considered. In order to integrate both approaches our method is to achieve cooperation between a top-down...

Perceptual learning: Top to bottom

Perceptual learning has traditionally been portrayed as a bottom-up phenomenon that improves encoding or decoding of the trained stimulus. Cognitive skills such as attention and memory are thought to drive, guide and modulate learning but are, with notable exceptions, not generally considered to undergo changes themselves as a result of training with simple perceptual tasks. Moreover, shifts in...

Hybrid Rod-Like and Bent-Core Liquid Crystal Dimers Exhibiting Biaxial Smectic a and Nematic Phases

Laparoscopic right colectomy from top to bottom.

Laparoscopic right colectomy (LRC) for colon cancer became a well-established technique in the surgical armamentarium of colorectal operations [1]. It has well proved advantages: reduction in postoperative pain, time to return of bowel function, and length of hospital stay. Different studies have also proven its safety in colorectal adenocarcinoma, with equivalence in nodal harvest, recurrence ...

Bottom-up, top-down